Substantive office actions are refusals issued by the USPTO Examiner even though the application is complete and procedurally correct. The most common such refusal is the “Likelihood of Confusion”, which is based on Section 2(d) of the Trademark Act. This refusal alleges that the filed trademark is confusingly similar to an already registered trademark. 

 

In order to prepare a response to this type of office action, we need to review the office action, conduct legal research of the relevant legal arguments to assert your claim for registration, draft a well written legal brief and/or amend the application as requested.